Does Early Exposure
to a Cat or Dog Protect Against Later Allergy Development? B. Hesselmar,
N. Aberg, B. Aberg, B. Eriksson, & B. Bjorksten. Department of Pediatrics,
University of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden. Clinical Exp Allergy 1999
May; 29(5): 611-7.
Background:
It is unknown which factors in modern western society
that have caused the current increase in prevalence of allergic diseases.
Improved hygiene, smaller families, altered exposure to allergens have
been suggested.
Objectives:
To assess the relationship between exposure to pets in
early life, family size, allergic manifestations and allergic sensitization
at 7-9 and 12-13 years of age.
Methods:
The prevalence of allergic diseases and various background
factors were assessed in 1991 and 1996 by questionnaire studies. In
1991, the study comprised representative samples of children from the
Goteborg area on the Swedish west coast (7 years old, n = 1649) and
the inland town Kiruna in northern Sweden (7-9 years old, n = 832).
In 1992, a validation interview and skin prick test (SPT) were performed
in a stratified sub-sample of 412 children. In 1996, this subgroup was
followed up with identical questions about clinical symptoms as in 1991,
detailed questions about early pet exposure were added and SPT performed.
Results:
Children exposed to pets during the first year of life
had a lower frequency of allergic rhinitis at 7-9 years of age and of
asthma at 12-13 years. Children exposed to a cat during the first year
of life were less often SPT positive to a cat at 12-13 years. The results
were similar when those children were excluded, whose parents had actively
decided against pet keeping during infancy because of allergy in the
family. There was a negative correlation between the number of siblings
and development of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Conclusion:
Pet exposure during the first year of life and increasing
number of siblings were both associated with a lower prevalence of allergic
rhinitis and asthma in school children.
|